Bells belong to the group of percussion instruments. The strike in the bell produces a sound of more than 50 minor tones, among which five major defines the sound quality of the bell.
The most important minor tone is the upper octave (nominal). This is the highest sound (of the five major minor tones), which is audible only in the first 0.25 seconds. The upper octave is the primary reference point for campaigners to determine the quality of the bell sound. It determines the tone of the bells strike. The upper octave must be exactly one octave higher than the next important prime tone.
Prime (or basic tone) largely determines the tone of the bell just after 1/4 of a second. Some of the campaigners are just as primordial as the primary tone that determines the tone of the bell. Prime together with the third and fifth have to create major chord.
The last major tone - bottom octave - is responsible for the ringing of the bell. The bottom octave is often referred to as the “buzz” of the bell, and like the upper octave it has a direct relation to the prime and must be exactly one octave lower than the basic tone.
Below, we show how a wrong material can deteriorate the sound quality of the bells. We present two bells weighing approx. 150 kg, one from the workshop of Jan Felczyński cast from pure copper and tin raw materials in a proportion of 78:22 and the other one with a high content of lead, zinc and other additives. In the second case, only 10% of pure tin was found.
Bell weighing 150 kg
Jan Felczyński Bell Foundry
e/2 sound, pure without vibration
Single alloy without distortions
Proportions: 78% copper, 22% tin
No other additives
Bell weighing 150 kg
Another workshop
Non-measurable sound, numerous vibrations
Alloy without a uniform structure, distorted
Proportions: 75% copper, 10% tin, 6% zinc,
4% lead, 5% others
The bells from the workshop of Jan Felczyński are cast from the highest quality copper and tin alloys in the proportion of 78:22 without the use of additives in accordance with the traditional method of the lost wax, unchanged since 1808. There are no compromises here!
The workshop of Jan Felczyński uses only high-quality metals with a purity of 99.9%, which is confirmed by the held certificate.
Proper proportions, good mixing of materials, mass temperature at the time of casting influence not only on the sound and tone of the bells, but also their appearance, colour and shine.
The bell is also an artistic handicraft, whose graphic design and execution should be as important as what it is cast and how it sounds. Each bell is unique and carries a story for future generations. Therefore, the appearance of the bell is of paramount importance to us! See how we can finish the bells without using any artificial means.
The lower and the upper part of the bell is covered with a light layer of patina (fade effect).
The unified nature of the bell. After casting, metal is carefully cleaned and polished to maintain the appearance of natural bronze.
The lower and the upper part of the bell are polished to shine. The bell wall covered with concentric circles emerging with patina.
The table showing the bell cast in workshop of Felczyński in the average profile. It contains the weight of the bells, their tone, frequency, and the lower diameter.
|
Main |
|
Tonality |
|
Freq. |
|
Diameter |
||||
|
Number |
Weight in kg |
|
Euro |
Italian |
British |
|
Hz |
|
cm |
inches |
|
BELL03 |
20 |
|
e/3 |
mi/5 |
e |
|
1318.51 |
|
31 |
12.2 |
|
BELL04 |
25 |
|
dis-es/3 |
re#-mib/5 |
d# |
|
1244.51 |
|
33 |
12.99 |
|
BELL05 |
30 |
|
d/3 |
re/5 |
d |
|
1174.66 |
|
35 |
13.78 |
|
BELL06 |
35 |
|
cis-des/3 |
do#-reb/5 |
c# |
|
1108.73 |
|
37 |
14.57 |
|
BELL07 |
40 |
|
c/3 |
do/5 |
c |
|
1046.50 |
|
39 |
15.35 |
|
BELL08 |
50 |
|
h/2 |
si/5 |
b |
|
987.77 |
|
41 |
16.14 |
|
BELL09 |
60 |
|
ais-b/2 |
la#-sib/4 |
a# |
|
932.33 |
|
44 |
17.32 |
|
BELL10 |
70 |
|
a/2 |
la/4 |
a |
|
880 |
|
46 |
18.11 |
|
BELL11 |
80 |
|
gis-as/2 |
sol#-lab/4 |
g# |
|
830.61 |
|
48 |
18.9 |
|
BELL12 |
90 |
|
g/2 |
sol/4 |
g |
|
783.99 |
|
51 |
20.08 |
|
BELL13 |
100 |
|
fis-ges/2 |
fa#-solb/4 |
f# |
|
739.99 |
|
54 |
21.26 |
|
BELL14 |
130 |
|
f/2 |
fa/4 |
f |
|
698.46 |
|
58 |
22.83 |
|
BELL15 |
150 |
|
e/2 |
mi/4 |
e |
|
659.26 |
|
61 |
24.02 |
|
BELL16 |
190 |
|
dis-es/2 |
re#-mib/4 |
d# |
|
622.25 |
|
66 |
25.98 |
|
BELL17 |
220 |
|
d/2 |
re/4 |
d |
|
587.33 |
|
70 |
27.56 |
|
BELL18 |
260 |
|
cis-des/2 |
do#-reb/4 |
c# |
|
554.37 |
|
73 |
28.74 |
|
BELL19 |
290 |
|
c/2 |
do/4 |
c |
|
523.25 |
|
78 |
30.71 |
|
BELL20 |
350 |
|
h/1 |
si/3 |
b |
|
493.88 |
|
83 |
32.68 |
|
BELL21 |
420 |
|
ais-b/1 |
la#-sib/3 |
a# |
|
466.16 |
|
87 |
34.25 |
|
BELL22 |
500 |
|
a/1 |
la/3 |
a |
|
440 |
|
91 |
35.83 |
|
BELL23 |
580 |
|
gis-as/1 |
sol#-lab/3 |
g# |
|
415.3 |
|
96 |
37.8 |
|
BELL24 |
700 |
|
g/1 |
dol/3 |
g |
|
392 |
|
103 |
40.55 |
|
BELL25 |
800 |
|
fis-ges/1 |
fa#-solb/3 |
f# |
|
369.99 |
|
108 |
42.52 |
|
BELL26 |
970 |
|
f/1 |
fa/3 |
f |
|
349.23 |
|
118 |
46.46 |
|
BELL27 |
1200 |
|
e/1 |
mi/3 |
e |
|
329.63 |
|
124 |
48.82 |
|
BELL28 |
1450 |
|
dis-es/1 |
re#-mib/3 |
d# |
|
311.13 |
|
131 |
51.57 |
|
BELL29 |
1650 |
|
d/1 |
re/3 |
d |
|
293.66 |
|
140 |
55.12 |
|
BELL30 |
1950 |
|
cis-des/1 |
do#-reb/3 |
c# |
|
277.18 |
|
146 |
57.48 |
|
BELL31 |
2400 |
|
c/1 |
do/3 |
c |
|
261.63 |
|
157 |
61.81 |
|
BELL32 |
2800 |
|
h/0 |
si/2 |
b |
|
246.94 |
|
165 |
64.96 |
|
BELL33 |
3360 |
|
ais-b/0 |
la#-sib/2 |
a# |
|
233.08 |
|
173 |
68.11 |
|
BELL34 |
4000 |
|
a/0 |
la/2 |
a |
|
220 |
|
184 |
72.44 |
|
BELL35 |
4640 |
|
gis-as/0 |
sol#-lab/2 |
g# |
|
207.65 |
|
194 |
76.38 |
|
BELL36 |
5600 |
|
g/0 |
sol/2 |
g |
|
196 |
|
205 |
80.71 |
|
BELL37 |
6400 |
|
fis-ges/0 |
fa#-solb/2 |
f# |
|
152 |
|
218 |
85.83 |
|
BELL38 |
7760 |
|
f/0 |
fa/2 |
f |
|
174.61 |
|
235 |
83.52 |
|
BELL39 |
9600 |
|
e/0 |
mi/2 |
e |
|
164.81 |
|
247 |
97.24 |
|
BELL40 |
11500 |
|
dis-es/0 |
re#-mib/2 |
d# |
|
155.56 |
|
265 |
104.33 |
The table showing selected combinations of the harmonised kits.
|
Two-sound kits |
|||
|
Minor kits |
Major kits |
||
|
c – es |
fis – a |
c – e |
ges – b |
|
cis – e |
g – b |
des – f |
g – h |
|
d – f |
gis – h |
d – fis |
as – c |
|
dis – fis |
a – c |
es – g |
a – cis |
|
e – g |
b – des |
e – gis |
b – d |
|
f – as |
h – d |
f – a |
h – dis |
|
Three-sound kits |
||||
|
Gloria |
Minor kits |
Major kits |
Te Deum |
Melodic |
|
c – d – f |
c – es – g |
c – e – g |
c – es – f |
c – d – e |
|
des – es – ges |
cis – e – gis |
des – f – as |
cis – e – fis |
des – es – f |
|
d – e – g |
d – f – a |
d – fis – a |
d – f – g |
d – e – fis |
|
es – f – as |
es – ges – b |
es – g – b |
dis – fis – gis |
es – f – g |
|
e – fis – a |
e – g – h |
e – gis – h |
e – g – a |
e – fis – gis |
|
f – g – b |
f – as – c |
f – a – c |
f – as – b |
f – g – a |
|
fis – gis – h |
fis – a – cis |
ges – b – des |
fis – a – h |
ges – as – b |
|
g – a – c |
g – b – d |
g – h – d |
g – b – c |
g – a – h |
|
as – b – des |
gis – h – dis |
as – c – es |
gis – h – cis |
as – b – c |
|
a – h – d |
a – c – e |
a – cis – e |
a – c – d |
a – h – cis |
|
b – c – es |
b – des – f |
b – d – f |
b – des – es |
b – c – d |
|
h – cis – e |
h – d – fis |
h – dis – fis |
h – d – e |
h – cis – dis |
|
Four-sound kits |
|||
|
Minor kits |
Major kits |
||
|
c – es – g – c |
fis – a – cis – fis |
c – e – g – c |
ges – b – des – ges |
|
cis – e – gis – cis |
g – b – d – g |
des – f – as – des |
g – h – d – g |
|
d – f – a – d |
gis – h – dis – gis |
d – fis – a – d |
as – c – es – as |
|
es – ges – b – es |
a – c – e – a |
es – g – b – es |
a – cis – e – a |
|
e – g – h – e |
b – des – f – b |
e – gis – h – e |
b – d – f – b |
|
f – as – c – f |
h – d – fis – h |
f – a – c – f |
h – dis – fis – h |
|
Four-sound kits |
||||||
|
Salve-Regina |
Parsifal |
Minor - Major |
Minor ext. |
Minor res. |
Major res. |
Gloria ext. |
|
c-e-g-a |
c-es-f-as |
c-es-g-b |
c-d-f-a |
c-es-f-g |
c-d-e-g |
c-d-f-g |
|
des-f-as-b |
cis-e-fis-a |
cis-e-gis-h |
des-es-ges-b |
cis-e-fis-gis |
des-es-f-as |
cis-dis-fis-gis |
|
d-fis-a-h |
d-f-g-b |
d-f-a-c |
d-e-g-h |
d-f-g-a |
d-e-fis-a |
b-e-g-a |
|
es-g-b-c |
dis-fis-gis-h |
es-ges-b-des |
es-f-as-c |
es-ges-as-b |
es-f-g-b |
es-f-as-b |
|
e-gis-h-cis |
e-g-a-c |
e-g-h-d |
e-fis-a-cis |
e-g-a-h |
e-fis-gis-h |
e-fis-a-h |
|
f-a-c-d |
f-as-b-des |
f-as-c-es |
f-g-b-d |
f-as-b-c |
f-g-a-c |
f-g-b-c |
|
ges-b-des-es |
fis-a-h-d |
fis-a-cis-e |
fis-gis-h-dis |
fis-a-h-cis |
ges-as-b-des |
fis-gis-h-cis |
|
g-h-d-e |
g-b-c-es |
g-b-d-f |
g-a-c-e |
g-b-c-d |
g-a-h-d |
g-a-c-d |
|
as-c-es-f |
gis-h-cis-e |
gis-h-dis-fis |
as-b-des-f |
gis-h-cis-dis |
as-b-c-es |
as-b-des-es |
|
a-cis-e-fis |
a-c-d-f |
a-c-e-g |
a-h-d-fis |
a-c-d-e |
a-h-cis-e |
a-h-d-e |
|
b-d-f-g |
b-des-es-ges |
b-des-f-as |
b-c-es-g |
b-des-es-f |
b-c-d-f |
b-c-es-f |
|
h-dis-fis-gis |
h-d-e-g |
h-d-fis-a |
h-cis-e-gis |
h-d-e-fis |
h-cis-dis-fis |
h-cis-e-fis |
Carillons of RDUCH BELLS & CLOCKS ® i.e. the kit of tuned bells (as the individual keys on the piano) playing occasional songs is very fashionable and widespread in the countries of Western Europe, Japan or the United States. Is not only an exclusive decorative element, but also a great musical instrument distinguished our place with its sound. The traditionally associated with the Church and religion carillons are now treated as the works of architecture and installed in parks, on the representative city squares, markets, corporate buildings, shopping centres.
Typical carillons are composed of 9 to 25 bells depending on the requirements. They can be supplemented by a clock or cast figures. These bells are a combination of tradition with advanced technology and electronics. Carillons can play specific songs at pre-programmed times, and with the use of a music keyboard, we can arrange live concerts
| Tonality | Average [ mm ] |
Height [ mm ] |
Weight [ kg ] |
| C-2 | 750 | 630 | 250 |
| cis-2 | 690 | 598 | 208 |
| D-2 | 665 | 565 | 176 |
| Dis-2 | 630 | 535 | 146 |
| E-2 | 590 | 505 | 124 |
| F-2 | 560 | 480 | 112 |
| Fis-2 | 540 | 460 | 100 |
| G-2 | 517 | 445 | 88 |
| Gis-2 | 490 | 425 | 78 |
| A-2 | 468 | 410 | 68 |
| Ais-2 | 450 | 390 | 63 |
| B-2 | 436 | 375 | 58 |
| C-3 | 418 | 365 | 51 |
| Cis-3 | 408 | 350 | 48 |
| D-3 | 388 | 340 | 44 |
| Dis-3 | 375 | 325 | 40 |
| E-3 | 363 | 315 | 37 |
| F-3 | 353 | 305 | 34 |
| Fis-3 | 340 | 295 | 31 |
| G-3 | 330 | 285 | 28 |
| Gis-3 | 312 | 270 | 26 |
| A-3 | 305 | 260 | 24 |
| Ais-3 | 285 | 255 | 22 |
| B-3 | 280 | 245 | 20 |
| C-4 | 270 | 240 | 18 |
| Tonality | Average [mm] |
Weight [kg] |
| C-3 | 415 | 51 |
| cis-3 | 405 | 48 |
| D-3 | 385 | 44 |
| E-3 | 360 | 37 |
| F-3 | 350 | 34 |
| fis-3 | 335 | 31 |
| G-3 | 325 | 28 |
| Gis-3 | 310 | 26 |
| A-3 | 295 | 24 |
| AIS-3 | 285 | 22 |
| B-3 | 275 | 20 |
| C-4 | 270 | 18 |
| D-4 | 250 | 16 |
| E-4 | 235 | 15 |
| F-4 | 230 | 14,5 |
| Tonality | Average [mm] |
Height [mm] |
Weight [kg] |
| G-2 | 510 | 445 | 88 |
| A-2 | 465 | 410 | 68 |
| H-2 | 435 | 375 | 58 |
| C-3 | 415 | 365 | 51 |
| D-3 | 385 | 340 | 44 |
| E-3 | 360 | 315 | 37 |
| F-3 | 350 | 305 | 34 |
| FIS-3 | 335 | 295 | 31 |
| G-3 | 325 | 285 | 28 |
| A-3 | 295 | 260 | 24 |
Bells Kit to RDUCH is a complete kit of the bells with complete bell instrumentation, construction and automatics that just plug into power. Complete kits are for the bells weighing from 40 kg to 500 kg.
Carillons of RDUCH BELLS & CLOCKS ® i.e. the kit of tuned bells (as the individual keys on the piano) playing occasional songs is very fashionable and widespread in the countries of Western Europe, Japan or the United States. Is not only an exclusive decorative element, but also a great musical instrument distinguished our place with its sound. The traditionally associated with the Church and religion carillons are now treated as the works of architecture and installed in parks, on the representative city squares, markets, corporate buildings, shopping centres.
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|
Bell weight [kg] |
Kit weight [kg] |
A [mm] |
B [mm] |
C [mm] |
D [mm] |
E [mm] |
F [mm] |
|
40 |
~75 |
720 |
500 |
1000 |
400 |
570 |
200 |
|
100 |
~210 |
1020 |
700 |
1400 |
450 |
800 |
270 |
|
130 |
~245 |
1060 |
740 |
1400 |
500 |
800 |
270 |
|
150 |
~275 |
1100 |
770 |
1430 |
500 |
800 |
270 |
|
190 |
~330 |
1130 |
820 |
1460 |
500 |
900 |
270 |
|
220 |
~370 |
1180 |
860 |
1500 |
500 |
900 |
270 |
|
260 |
~420 |
1180 |
860 |
1540 |
500 |
900 |
270 |
|
290 |
~465 |
1180 |
910 |
1600 |
500 |
1000 |
360 |
|
350 |
~540 |
1180 |
970 |
1690 |
500 |
1000 |
360 |
|
420 |
~685 |
1280 |
970 |
1830 |
600 |
1200 |
400 |
|
500 |
~800 |
1380 |
1060 |
1900 |
600 |
1200 |
400 |
Note!
It is possible to order also a kit different than the proposed.
